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Further evidence of the circulation of PMV-4 and influenza viruses with N2 - 1957 enzyme in migratory waterfowls
I n the years 1980—1984, one paramyxovirus type
4 and 11 influenza viruses were isolated from cloacal swabs
collected from migratory waterfowls in Fed. Rep. Germany. One
influenza virus of H4N8 subtype was isolated from swabs of
commercial ducks collected at an abbatoir. Seven of 10 influenza
strains, isolated from mallard clucks and coot were identified as
a mixture of 2 —3 strains of H l , H4, and Ho subtype; 3 virus
strains from the same locality relate antigenically to subtype H4
w i t h enzyme serologically identical with N2 — Singapore/57 as
demonstrated by means of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody
Observable consequences of quantum gravity: Can light fermions exist?
Any theory of quantum gravity must ultimately be connected to observations.
This demand is difficult to be met due to the high energies at which we expect
the quantum nature of gravity to become manifest. Here we study, how viable
quantum gravity proposals can be restricted by investigating the interplay of
gravitational and matter degrees of freedom. Specifically we demand that a
valid quantum theory of gravity must allow for the existence of light (compared
to the Planck scale) fermions, since we observe these in our universe. Within
the effective theory framework, we can thus show that UV completions for
gravity are restricted, regardless of the details of the microscopic theory.
Specialising to asymptotically safe quantum gravity, we find indications that
universes with light fermions are favoured within this UV completion for
gravity.Comment: 4 pages, based on a talk given at Loops '11, Madrid, to appear in
Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS
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